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Tag: Related study phase: Goal and scope definition

D-02 Reuse – water consumption

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Aspect D-02 Reuse – water consumption
Description
 There are different quality levels of water – freshwater, rainwater, greywater and waste water. Depending on these quality levels water, can be used for different applications (e.g. rainwater for washing clothes). How and under what circumstances is it possible to obtain benefits from the reuse of water?

related study objective

 ☒ stand-alone LCA ☒ comparative assertion

related study phase

 ☒ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
goal and scope definition inventory analysis (LCI) impact assessment (LCIA) interpretation reporting

relevant for
new buildings existing buildings construction products screening LCA simplified LCA complete LCA
Provisions Module D looks at the loads and benefits of the net output flow, if relevant and available. If water outputs or any output flow at EoL (not production waste) are reused, then to calculate the net output flow, any use of similar reused water or material as an input in Modules A1–C4 must be considered to calculate the net flow (output − input = net output flow).If there is a net output flow, then the impacts associated with any reuse processes after the ‘end-of-waste state’ can be included in Module D, together with a credit associated with the avoided production of the virgin product.
Rules from:

EN 15978

 7.4.6 Boundary for the benefits and loads beyond the system boundary (Module D)

EN 15804

 6.2.7 D Benefits and loads beyond the system boundary, information module

ILCD

 Not mentioned
Guidance

If any water from the building is reused outside the building, then the benefits of this use (credit for virgin water extraction and treatment, together with any impacts from the system boundary before substitutive use) are included in Module D.

If a waste material or waste energy is recycled, then the impacts associated with any processes after the ‘end-of-waste state’ before it can be used to substitute primary material can be included in Module D , together with a credit associated with the production of the virgin product it substitutes.

Back to 7 Aspects concerning Module D

D-03 Credits for recycling and energy recovery

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Aspect D-03 Credits for recycling and energy recovery
Description
 How should credits for recycling and energy recovery be allowed for?

related study objective

 ☒ stand-alone LCA ☒ comparative assertion

related study phase

 ☒ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
goal and scope definition inventory analysis (LCI) impact assessment (LCIA) interpretation reporting

relevant for
new buildings existing buildings construction products screening LCA simplified LCA complete LCA
Provisions Where recycled material or energy recovered at end of life are also used in the production of products (A1–A3), in Modules B1–B5 or C1–C4, then the net output flow is calculated as total output − total input.If there is a net output flow that provides benefits beyond the system boundary (as it produces material or energy that substitutes for virgin production), then the processes beyond the system boundary required to produce the recycled material or recovered energy substituted can be provided in Module D, together with a credit calculated by deducting the impact of producing the material or energy from virgin resources. For materials, this will be the virgin production route. For energy, this will be the use of the typical energy mix for heating (for heat energy) or the grid mix (for electrical energy), excluding secondary energy. In practice, unless energy from waste is a significant part of the energy or grid mix, the national mix can be used.
Rules from:

EN 15978

 7.4.6 Boundary for the benefits and loads beyond the system boundary (Module D)
8.8 Scenarios for benefits and loads beyond the system boundary – Module D

EN 15804

 6.2.7 D Benefits and loads beyond the system boundary, information module

ILCD

 Not mentioned
Guidance
 If the recycled product cannot substitute the primary product completely (e.g. it has 95% of the relevant functional equivalence), a justified value correction factor should be used to reflect this in the credit calculation.If waste is burned with less than 60% energy recovery, it has to be classified as a disposal process rather than a recovery process, and the process must be reported in Module C4. There may still be benefits for the production of energy beyond the system boundary that can be shown in Module D (as with landfilling and the recovery of gas from landfilling).

For example, if there was a net output flow of electricity, then the grid mix of electricity (excluding any secondary energy sources) should be used to credit the flow.

Note that the incineration of waste (i.e. material that is considered waste because it has not reached the end-of-waste state) may also be more efficient than 60%, but it must still be considered as a disposal process.

Back to 7 Aspects concerning Module D

A- 22. “Packaging waste”

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Aspect A- 22. “Packaging waste”
Description
 What and how to allow for?

related study objective

 ☒ stand-alone LCA ☒ comparative assertion

related study phase

 ☒ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
goal and scope definition inventory analysis (LCI) impact assessment (LCIA) interpretation reporting

relevant for
new buildings existing buildings construction products screening LCA simplified LCA complete LCA
Provisions A5 should include the processing of the waste from product packaging in complete LCA studies, unless in falls under cut-off rules.
Rules from:
 EN 15978:8.5 Scenarios for the construction process stage (Modules A4-A5)

EN 15804:

6.2.3 A4-A5, Construction process stage, information modules
Guidance
 Cut-off rules may apply and it should be noted that for most construction projects, this aspect is likely to fall under the cut-off-rules.Use detailed calculation (based on LCI) for complete LCA.Scenarios for processing of packaging waste should be based on specific national data.

Back to 4.4. Module A5

B- 08. “Repair with complete LCA”

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Aspect B- 08. “Repair with complete LCA”
Description
 Repair module covers all corrective, responsive or reactive treatment of a construction product or construction works to return it to a condition in which it can perform its required functional and technical performance. It covers only the partial replacements of components and building parts (in case of failure), and shall be distinguished from the replacement module that is related to the complete replacement of component and building parts. This aspect of EEB Guide also addresses the distinction between Repair, Maintenance and Replacements.

related study objective

 ☒ stand-alone LCA ☒ comparative assertion

related study phase

 ☒ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
goal and scope definition inventory analysis (LCI) impact assessment (LCIA) interpretation reporting

relevant for
new buildings existing buildings construction products screening LCA simplified LCA complete LCA
Provisions The reparation procedure refers only to corrective, responsive or reactive actions in response to losses of performances of a building component or building part.Repair is distinguishable from Maintenance and Replacements by the following aspects [EN 15804]:

  • Maintenance is a planed (proactive) action that maintain components performances whereas Repair is a corrective (reactive) action in response to damage;
  • Replacement covers the complete replacement of a component whereas Repair covers only replacement of sub-components.

It should be noted that:

  • EPD containing information about the reference service life of a product shall comply to the ISO 15686 series [EN 15804];
  • RSL shall be declared with a description of use that should (normally) encompass maintenance (proactive actions), according notably to ISO 15868-8;
  • Manufacturer cannot be held responsible for the actual design of the building and the use and application of the product, environment, workmanship or use [EN 15804].

It is thus to be expected that few information related to the repair module will be included in cradle to grave EPDs (or cradle to gate with corresponding options). Instead, most information would probably be divided between the maintenance module (necessary operations to maintain product performances, including sub-component replacement, in a given set of in use conditions) and Replacement module (replacement at the end of life of the component).

Consequently, the Repair module is considered optional in the context of the present guide.

According to EN 15978, the boundary for repair shall include:

  • the production of the repaired part of component and ancillary products;
  • the transportation of the repaired part of component and ancillary products, including production impacts
  • and aspects of any losses of materials during transportation;
  • the repair process of the repaired part of component and ancillary products;
  • waste management of the removed part of the component and of ancillary products;
  • the end of life stage of the removed part of the component and of ancillary products

Water and energy usage related to the repair process should always be included.
Rules from:
 EN 15978:7.4.4.1 General7.4.4.4 Boundary for repair (module B3)8.3 Time related characteristics8.6.3 Scenarios for maintenance, repair, replacement

EN 15804:

6.3.3. Reference service life

6.3.4.4.2  – B3 Reparation

7.3.3.1 B1-B5 use stage related to the building fabric

Annex A
Guidance
 Repair is optional in the context of complete LCA in the case of insufficient data.The overall repair scenario should be consistent with respect to the building structure (e.g. replacement of coating is mandatory when replacing the support). In the context of complete building LCA of an existing building, it is recommended to base the repair module on the history of the building.The progressive loss of performances of some component has an impact on the overall behavior of the building (e.g. loss of performance of insulation may lead to an increase of energy demand due to heating). If sufficient data are available these aspect should be addressed by using a sensitivity analysis.

Back to 5.4.  Module B3

B- 09. “Repair with simplified LCA”

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Aspect B- 09. “Repair with simplified LCA”
Description
 Repair module covers all corrective, responsive or reactive treatment of a construction product or construction works to return it to a condition in which it can perform its required functional and technical performance. It covers only the partial replacements of components and building parts (in case of failure), and shall be distinguished from the replacement module that is related to the complete replacement of component and building parts.

related study objective

 ☒ stand-alone LCA ☒ comparative assertion

related study phase

 ☒ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
goal and scope definition inventory analysis (LCI) impact assessment (LCIA) interpretation reporting

relevant for
new buildings existing buildings construction products screening LCA simplified LCA complete LCA
Provisions Repair is optional in the context of simplified LCA. For provision and guidance, please refer to the aspect “Repair with complete LCA” of the present document.The reparation procedure refers only to corrective, responsive or reactive actions in response to losses of performances of a building component or building part.Repair is distinguishable from Maintenance and Replacements by the following aspects [EN 15804]:

  • Maintenance is a planed (proactive) action that maintain components performances whereas Repair is a corrective (reactive) action in response to damage;
  • Replacement covers the complete replacement of a component whereas Repair covers only replacement of sub-components.

According to EN 15978, the boundary for repair shall include:

  • the production of the repaired part of component and ancillary products;
  • the transportation of the repaired part of component and ancillary products, including production impacts
  • and aspects of any losses of materials during transportation;
  • the repair process of the repaired part of component and ancillary products;
  • waste management of the removed part of the component and of ancillary products;
  • the end of life stage of the removed part of the component and of ancillary products

Water and energy usage related to the repair process should always be included.

However, in the context of simplified LCA, only the production of the replaced component/repaired part may be included.
Rules from:
 EN 15978:7.4.4.1 General7.4.4.4 Boundary for repair (module B3)8.3 Time related characteristics

8.6.3 Scenarios for maintenance, repair, replacement

EN 15804:

6.3.3. Reference service life

6.3.4.4.2  – B3 Reparation

7.3.3.1 B1-B5 use stage related to the building fabric

Annex A
Guidance
 Repair is optional in the context of simplified LCA. For provision and guidance, please refer to the aspect “Repair with complete LCA” of the present document.

Back to 5.4.  Module B3

B- 10. “Repair with screening LCA”

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Aspect B- 10. “Repair with screening LCA”
Description
 Repair module covers all corrective, responsive or reactive treatment of a construction product or construction works to return it to a condition in which it can perform its required functional and technical performance. It covers only the partial replacements of components and building parts (in case of failure), and should be distinguished from the replacement module that is related to the complete replacement of component and building parts.

related study objective

 ☒ stand-alone LCA ☒ comparative assertion

related study phase

 ☒ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
goal and scope definition inventory analysis (LCI) impact assessment (LCIA) interpretation reporting

relevant for
new buildings existing buildings construction products screening LCA simplified LCA complete LCA
Provisions Repair is optional in the context of screening LCA. For provision and guidance, please refer to the aspect “Repair with complete LCA” of the present document.The reparation procedure refers only to corrective, responsive or reactive actions in response to losses of performances of a building component or building part.Repair is distinguishable from maintenance and replacements by the following aspects [EN 15804]:

  • Maintenance is a planed (proactive) action that maintain components performances whereas Repair is a corrective (reactive) action in response to damage;
  • Replacement covers the complete replacement of a component whereas Repair covers only replacement of sub-components.

According to EN 15978, the boundary for repair should include:

  • the production of the repaired part of component and ancillary products;
  • the transportation of the repaired part of component and ancillary products, including production impacts
  • and aspects of any losses of materials during transportation;
  • the repair process of the repaired part of component and ancillary products;
  • waste management of the removed part of the component and of ancillary products;
  • the end of life stage of the removed part of the component and of ancillary products

However, in the context of screening LCA, only the production of the replaced component/repaired part may be included.
Rules from:
 EN 15978:7.4.4.1 General7.4.4.4 Boundary for repair (module B3)8.3 Time related characteristics

8.6.3 Scenarios for maintenance, repair, replacement

EN 15804:

6.3.3. Reference service life

6.3.4.4.2  – B3 Reparation

7.3.3.1 B1-B5 use stage related to the building fabric

Annex A
Guidance
 Repair is optional in the context of screening LCA and may be neglected in many cases. For provision and guidance, please refer to the aspect “Repair with complete LCA” of the present document.

Back to 5.4.  Module B3

B- 11. “Inclusion of energy and materials for repair”

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Aspect B- 11. “Inclusion of energy and materials for repair”
Description
 The inclusion of energy and water use, material use, etc. is framed by standards EN 15804 and EN 15978. The EeBGuide provides additional information and guidance on how (and when) to include or exclude a given aspect of the study.

related study objective

 ☒ stand-alone LCA ☒ comparative assertion

related study phase

 ☒ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
goal and scope definition inventory analysis (LCI) impact assessment (LCIA) interpretation reporting

relevant for
new buildings existing buildings construction products screening LCA simplified LCA complete LCA
Provisions According to EN 15978, the boundary for repair should include:

  • the production of the repaired part of component and ancillary products;
  • the transportation of the repaired part of component and ancillary products, including production impacts
  • and aspects of any losses of materials during transportation;
  • the repair process of the repaired part of component and ancillary products;
  • waste management of the removed part of the component and of ancillary products;
  • the end of life stage of the removed part of the component and of ancillary products

Water and energy usage related to the repair process should always be included.

However, Repair is considered optional. Please refer to the aspects “Repair with complete LCA”, “Repair with simplified LCA” and “Repair with screening LCA” for further details.
Rules from:
 EN 15978:7.4.4.1 General

7.4.4.4 Boundary for repair (module B3)

8.3 Time related characteristics

8.6.3 Scenarios for maintenance, repair, replacement

EN 15804:

6.3.3. Reference service life

6.3.4.4.2  – B3 Reparation

7.3.3.1 B1-B5 use stage related to the building fabric

Annex A
Guidance
 In the context of simplified and screening LCA, only the production of the replaced component/repaired part may be included.Please refer to the aspects “Repair with complete LCA”, “Repair with simplified LCA” and “Repair with screening LCA” for further details.

Back to 5.4.  Module B3

B- 17. “Inclusion of energy and materials for replacement”

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Aspect B- 17. “Inclusion of energy and materials for replacement”
Description
 The inclusion of energy and water use, material use, etc. is framed by standards EN 15804 and EN 15978. EEB guide provides additional information and guidance on how (and when) to include or exclude a given aspect of the study.

related study objective

 ☒ stand-alone LCA ☒ comparative assertion

related study phase

 ☒ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
goal and scope definition inventory analysis (LCI) impact assessment (LCIA) interpretation reporting

relevant for
new buildings existing buildings construction products screening LCA simplified LCA complete LCA
Provisions In the context of simplified LCA, the following items may be neglected upon justification:

  • Production, transportation, waste management, and end of life of ancillary products;
  • Energy and water usage related to the replacement process;
  • Losses of materials during storage, transportation or implementation (if not known).

In the context of screening LCA, only the production of the replaced component may be included.

Please refer to the aspects “Replacement with complete LCA”, “Replacement with simplified LCA” and “Replacement with screening LCA” for further details.
Rules from:
 EN 15978:7.4.4.1 General7.4.4.5 Boundary for replacement (module B4)8.3 Time related characteristics

8.6.3 Scenarios for maintenance, repair, replacement

EN 15804:

6.3.3. Reference service life

6.3.4.4.2  – B4 Replacement

7.3.3.1 B1-B5 use stage related to the building fabric
Guidance
 Please refer to the aspects “Replacement with complete LCA”, “Replacement with simplified LCA” and “Replacement with screening LCA” for further details.

Back to 5.5.  Module B4

B- 19. “Operational Energy exported and on-site produced and allocation of environmental impacts”

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Aspect B- 19. “Operational Energy exported and on-site produced and allocation of environmental impacts”In future, buildings will not only be energy- efficient, but also will produce energy on site in multiple ways.
Description
 The energy produced at the building site may not only be consumed in the building, but also exported to the grid. For such cases, calculation and allocation rules need to be defined.

related study objective

 ☒ stand-alone LCA ☒ comparative assertion

related study phase

 ☒ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
goal and scope definition inventory analysis (LCI) impact assessment (LCIA) interpretation reporting

relevant for
new buildings existing buildings construction products screening LCA simplified LCA complete LCA
Provisions Impacts have to be calculated with regards to EN 15978, in Annex B case studies of different energy related questions are provided.
Rules from:
 EN 15978:8.6.5 Scenarios for operational energy use – Module B6Annex B (informative) Exported energy – Case studiesCase 1 (Scenario for energy use, supply and import)

Case 2 (Scenario for energy use and export)

Case 3 (scenario for energy use, supply and export)

Case 4 (scenario for energy export)

EN 15804:

Not mentioned

ILCD:

Not mentioned
Guidance
 The case studies in Annex B of EN 15978 are helpful to identify the situation that applies to a concrete case study. From these case studies, the treatment of the situation may be extracted.

Back to 5.7.  Module B6